MRI Pontine Glioma

Pontine Glioma, more specifically known as Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG), is a type of brain tumor that occurs in the pons, which is a part of the brainstem. This condition primarily affects children, usually between the ages of 5 and 10, and is known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis.

Causes

The exact cause of pontine gliomas, like many other cancers, remains largely unknown. However, research indicates that these tumors arise from glial cells, which are supportive cells in the brain.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pontine glioma typically develop quickly and may include:

• Problems with Eye Movement and Facial Expressions: Due to the tumor’s location in the brainstem, which controls many cranial nerves.
• Weakness in the Arms and Legs: This can sometimes be more pronounced on one side of the body.
• Difficulty in Walking and Coordination: Balance issues are common due to the impact on the brainstem.
• Changes in Speech: Difficulty in articulation or slurred speech.
• Headaches and Nausea: Caused by increased intracranial pressure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves neurological examination and imaging studies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The characteristic appearance of DIPG on MRI is often sufficient for diagnosis, and due to the tumor’s location, a biopsy is not always performed.

Treatment

Treating pontine gliomas is challenging due to their location and the tendency of the cancer cells to infiltrate surrounding brain tissue.

• Radiation Therapy: This is the primary treatment and can improve symptoms and quality of life, but it is not curative.
• Chemotherapy: Has limited effectiveness but may be used alongside radiation.
• Clinical Trials: Many patients participate in clinical trials that explore new treatment options, such as targeted therapies or immunotherapy.