Antrochoanal polyp MRI

An antrochoanal polyp (ACP) is a benign, noncancerous growth that typically arises from the mucosa of the maxillary sinuses and extends into the choana, which is the space at the back of the nasal cavity. It is relatively rare compared to other nasal polyps and is more commonly seen in children and young adults.

Causes

The exact cause of antrochoanal polyps is not fully understood, but they are believed to arise from chronic inflammation within the sinuses. Potential contributing factors may include:

• Chronic sinus infections
• Allergic rhinitis
• Other conditions leading to inflammation of the sinuses

Symptoms

Antrochoanal polyps may not cause symptoms in the early stages, but as they grow, they can cause:

• Nasal obstruction, often more pronounced on one side
• Postnasal drip
• Snoring and difficulty breathing during sleep
• Sinus pressure or pain
• Reduced sense of smell

An antrochoanal polyp is a benign, noncancerous growth typically originating from the mucous membranes of the maxillary sinuses, which are one of the sets of sinuses located below the eyes and beside the nose. It extends into the choanae, which are the openings at the back of the nasal cavity that connect to the throat. Here’s a detailed look at its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options:

Causes

The exact cause of antrochoanal polyps is not fully understood, but they are believed to arise from chronic inflammation within the sinuses. Potential contributing factors may include:

• Chronic sinus infections
• Allergic rhinitis
• Other conditions leading to inflammation of the sinuses

Symptoms

Antrochoanal polyps may not cause symptoms in the early stages, but as they grow, they can cause:

• Nasal obstruction, often more pronounced on one side
• Postnasal drip
• Snoring and difficulty breathing during sleep
• Sinus pressure or pain
• Reduced sense of smell

Diagnosis

Diagnosing an antrochoanal polyp typically involves a combination of the following:

• Physical Examination: Inspection of the nasal cavity often using a nasal speculum.
• Nasal Endoscopy: A flexible tube with a light and camera (endoscope) is used to examine the nasal passages and the opening to the sinuses.
• Imaging: Computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help in assessing the size and extent of the polyp and its effect on surrounding structures.

Treatment

Treatment of antrochoanal polyps aims to remove the polyp and address any underlying sinus disease to prevent recurrence. Treatment options include:

• Surgical Removal: The most common treatment is surgical removal, often performed using functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). This technique allows the surgeon to access the sinus and remove the polyp with minimal discomfort and recovery time.
• Corticosteroids: These may be used to reduce inflammation, possibly shrinking the polyp or reducing recurrence after surgery.
• Management of Allergies and Infections: Addressing underlying sinus infections or allergies can help prevent the recurrence of polyps after they have been removed.