Humerus Enchondroma MRI

An enchondroma is a benign (non-cancerous) tumor that forms in the cartilage within the bones. These tumors most commonly occur in the small bones of the hands and feet, but they can also develop in other bones such as the femur, humerus, and tibia. Enchondromas are typically found incidentally during imaging for other conditions, as they often do not cause symptoms.

Causes

The exact cause of enchondromas is not well understood. However, it is believed to be associated with abnormal growth and development of cartilage cells. There is no clear link to genetic factors or lifestyle influences, and they occur sporadically.

Symptoms

Most enchondromas do not cause any symptoms and are found incidentally. However, if symptoms do occur, they may include:

• Pain: If the tumor grows and exerts pressure on surrounding tissues or nerves.
• Swelling: In the affected area.
• Bone fractures: Weakened bones due to the presence of the tumor may fracture easily.
• Deformity: In rare cases, especially if the tumor is large or located in a critical area.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of an enchondroma typically involves:

• Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will review the patient’s medical history and conduct a physical examination to check for signs and symptoms.
• Imaging Studies:
  • X-rays: Initial imaging to identify bone abnormalities.
  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Provides detailed images of the bone and surrounding tissues to assess the size and extent of the tumor.
  • CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Sometimes used for detailed cross-sectional images.

Treatment

Treatment depends on the size and location of the enchondroma, as well as whether it is causing symptoms:

1. Observation: If the enchondroma is asymptomatic, regular monitoring with periodic X-rays may be recommended to ensure it is not growing or causing problems.
2. Surgical Removal: If the enchondroma is causing symptoms such as pain, swelling, or fractures, surgical removal may be necessary. Surgery may involve curettage (scraping out the tumor) and filling the cavity with bone graft material.